types of bishops in the episcopal churchtypes of bishops in the episcopal church

The Church of England was designated the established church in Virginia in 1609, in New York in 1693, in Maryland in 1702, in South Carolina in 1706, in North Carolina in 1730, and in Georgia in 1758.[35]. Stephen Elliott (37) was the father of Robert W. B. Elliott (106). "[199], At its 2015 triennial general convention, the church adopted "canonical and liturgical changes to provide marriage equality for Episcopalians". The Holy Scriptures, commonly called the Bible, consist of the. Gene Robinson as the first openly gay, partnered bishop in The Episcopal Church. Although many Episcopalians identify with this concept, those whose convictions lean toward either evangelical Anglicanism or Anglo-Catholicism may not. [79] The current archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby, expressed "deep concern" over the ruling. (See Succession of Bishops of the Episcopal Church. That same year, 1785, deputations of clergy and laity met in the first General Convention. This form of church government functions with a single leader, often called a bishop. Rather, Hopkins argued that slavery was an institution that was objectionable and should be abrogated by agreement, not by war. Often a congregation or a particular service will be referred to as Low Church or High Church. There are also many different types of bishops in some faiths, with titles like: Titular bishop - A bishop without a diocese Auxiliary bishop/bishop suffragan - In diocese that are large enough, some bishops are appointed to assist the diocesan bishop The Episcopal Church was named so because it followed the tradition of appointing bishops as clerical authorities. The Diocese of Trinidad and Tobago, founded in 1872, had jurisdiction over Venezuela until 1967, when a constitution for a new Diocese of Venezuela in the Province of the West Indies was agreed. The Roman Catholic Church may be the most well-known of the episcopal-type churches. The current edition of the BCP was published in 1979 and is similar to other Anglican prayer books in use around the world. The bishop thus serves (in place and as a type of Christ) in the Church. The House of Bishops has nearly 300 active members and comprises half of the governing body of the Episcopal Church. Dioceses and parishes are frequently members of local ecumenical councils as well. And just 9% of adults who identify as Episcopalian are younger than 30, compared with 22% of U.S. adults overall. In the following year, Henry C. Potter, Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of New York, addressed his clergymen upon the question of Labor. In a "pastoral letter" to the South Carolina diocese, Presiding Bishop Schori wrote that "While some leaders have expressed a desire to leave The Episcopal Church, the Diocese has not left. [157] Some of these teachings include: The full catechism is included in the Book of Common Prayer and is posted on the Episcopal website. [12] Historically, Episcopalians were overrepresented among American scientific elite and Nobel Prize winners. [12], Historically, Episcopalians were overrepresented among American scientific elite and Nobel Prize winners. In 2015, the church's 78th triennial General Convention passed resolutions allowing the blessing of same-sex marriages and approved two official liturgies to bless such unions. we are the people of his pasture and the sheep of his hand. [153] Generally, Episcopal churches have retained features such as the altar rail, the inclusion or exclusion of which does not elicit much controversy, but usually celebrate in the versus populum orientation. It was during this period that the Book of Common Prayer was revised, first in 1892 and later in 1928. Diocesan bishops may also be assisted by suffragan and assistant bishops, who have no right of succession upon the resignation of the diocesan bishop. Like the other churches of the Anglican Communion, the Episcopal Church has entered into full communion with the Old Catholic Churches of the Union of Utrecht, the Philippine Independent Church, and the Mar Thoma Syrian Church of Malabar. Charles E. Bennison, Bishop of Western Michigan (567) was the father of Charles E. Bennison, Bishop of Pennsylvania (927). Category:Bishops by type Subcategories This category has the following 12 subcategories, out of 12 total. Rev. Dr. Bonnie A. Perry as a Bishop in the Church of God and the Eleventh Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Michigan", "Lennon Yuan-Rung Chang consecrated and installed as bishop of Taiwan", "Episcopal, Cuban churches celebrate reunion after more than half-century apart", "The Order of Service for the Ordination and Consecration of the Reverend Poulson C. Reed as Sixth Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Oklahoma", https://ecmnbishop.files.wordpress.com/2020/06/ordination-and-consecration-bulletin.pdf, https://www.diocesemo.org/files/7615/9171/6883/FINAL.3_ordination_worship_bulletin.pdf, "The Ordination and Consecration of The Rev. youtube.com. [46], When the American Civil War began in 1861, Episcopalians in the South formed the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Confederate States of America. Daniel G. P. Gutierrez, Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania; The Rt. Robert Burton Gooden (370) was a co-consecrator for his son Reginald H. Gooden (454). ", Bishop of Haiti and in charge of the Dominican Republic, 1928-1934; Mission District of Haiti and the Dominican Republic, 1934; diocesan bishop, Dominican Republic, 1934-1940; mission district, 1940; bishop in charge, 1940-1943. [128] In the 1970s, a Fortune magazine study found one-in-five of the country's largest businesses and one-in-three of its largest banks was run by an Episcopalian. According to a 2014 Pew Research Center survey of 35,000 Americans in 50 states, 49% describe themselves as Democrats, 39% describe themselves as Republicans, and 12% stated no preference. SIM has awarded scholarships to qualified full-time seminary students. [28], "The Episcopal Church in the United States of America" (ECUSA) has never been an official name of the church but is an alternative commonly seen in English. Rev. Many historically Black parishes are still in existence to date. Ecumenical Co-consecrator of Poulson Reed was the Rev. James E. Folts (889), VIII Bishop of Western Texas, is the father and co-consecrator of Jonathan Folts (1123), XI Bishop of South Dakota. As Bishop of Haiti, Holly was the first African American to attend the Lambeth Conference. At the same time, the Presiding Bishop's office contacts all the Bishops in ECUSA, and we must receive consents from a majority of them as well. [5], According to data collected in 2000, the District of Columbia, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Virginia have the highest rates of adherents per capita, and states along the East Coast generally have a higher number of adherents per capita than in other parts of the country. The real work of General Convention is done by interim bodies, the most powerful being the Executive Council, which oversees the work of the national church during the triennium. And then, in 2001, the Convocation elected its own bishop, Pierre Whalon. [181], In practice, not all Episcopalians hold all of these beliefs, but ordained clergy are required to "solemnly engage to conform" to this doctrine. [9] While the Rockefeller family are mostly Baptists, some of the Rockefellers were Episcopalians. Donald Kreiss, Bishop of the. [108] Between 1970 and 1990, membership declined from about 3.2million to about 2.4million. [193][194], The Episcopal Church opposes laws in society which discriminate against individuals because of their sex, sexual orientation, or gender expression. The Episcopal Diocese of Texas | 1225 Texas Street, Houston, TX US 77002 | 800.318.4452. Benjamin Henry Paddock (102) and John A. Paddock (127) were brothers; John was the father of Robert L. Paddock (235). 5 The sea is his and he made it;*. Bishop Samuel L. Green, Sr., Presiding Prelate of the 12th Episcopal District of the A.M. E. Church, preaching a powerful sermon titled, Positioned For Power! "[215], The Society for the Increase of the Ministry (SIM) is the only organization raising funds on a national basis for Episcopal seminarian support. The GCSP drew opposition from the recently formed Foundation for Christian Theology, a conservative organization opposed to "involv[ing] the Church in the social, political, and economic activities of our times". As such, the Episcopal Church condemns the use of abortion as a method of birth control, gender selection, family planning, or for "any reason of convenience". Worship according to the Book of Common Prayer (BCP) is central to the Episcopal Church's identity and its main source of unity. Ecumenical Co-consecrator of Paul-Gordon Chandler was the Rev Jim Gonia, Bishop, Rocky Mountain Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. [109][110][111][112][113] A loss of 115,000 members was reported for the years 200305. [66] In the wake of the controversy over the ordination of the Philadelphia Eleven, the General Convention permitted the ordination of women in 1976 and recognized the ordinations of the 15 forerunners. . General Convention enacts two types of legislation. [135][136], The Episcopal Church is governed according to episcopal polity with its own system of canon law. The Bishop has many different mistresses and illegitimate children, and has [allegedly] stolen money from the Church. ", Episcopal Diocese of Western North Carolina. In an article in his Firebrand magazine, "On Bishops and Governance in the Global Methodist Church" (January 10, 2023), David F. Watson vents his spleen on the failure of United Methodist bishops to act like bishops.Which for Watson is mainly a matter of defending the faith and enforcing the laws of the church. Three bishops are required to participate in the ordination and consecration of a bishop. La Iglesia Episcopal Protestante de los Estados Unidos de Amrica, Lglise piscopale, Lglise protestante piscopale des tats-Unis dAmrique. They were opposed by the church's evangelical wing, which felt that the "Protestant Episcopal" label accurately reflected the Reformed character of Anglicanism. And though the church did divide into two wings during the war, Hopkins was active in re-uniting them in 1865. [107] Membership grew from 1.1million members in 1925 to a peak of over 3.4million members in the mid-1960s. Barbara C. Harris, the first woman to be ordained a bishop in the Episcopal Church and the worldwide Anglican Communion, died Friday in Massachusetts. None has any authority over or apart from his priests, deacons . Bonnie Perry in the Diocese of Michigan and the Rev. Eastern Diocese included Vermont and Maine. 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She was 89. Bishop Coadjutor - A bishop elected to succeed the Diocesan Bishop. Frederic Dan Huntington (93) and Daniel Trumbull Huntington (259) are cousins through their ancestor Simon Huntingdon (d. 1663). Anglican clergy were obliged to swear allegiance to the king as well as to pray for the king, the royal family, and the British Parliament. Irving Lewis Allen, "WASPFrom Sociological Concept to Epithet". According to the church's website glossary, the climate crisis is one of "triple urgency" resulting from "the intersection of climate change, poverty and inequality, and biodiversity loss." From late in the 19th century, recently retired "Bishops-in-charge" were appointed for two or three years, living in Europe for several months at a time. Cook was deposed in May 2015 by Presiding Bishop Katharine Jefferts Schori following a hit and run accident that claimed the life of a bicyclist. [89] Some former members formed the Anglican Church in North America which, as of 2017, claimed over 1,000 congregations and 134,000 members. Last week the Episcopal Church found Bishop William Love guilty of defying church orders because he told his clergy not to recognize same-sex weddings. The highest legislative body of the Episcopal Church is the triennial General Convention, consisting of the House of Deputies and the House of Bishops. [52] Tensions around the civil rights movement persisted, however. [197][198] "Mainline Protestantism 2000", "Marshall Quits Church Session" - The New York Times, October 21st, 1964 -. A system of ecclesiastical courts is provided for under Title IV of the canons of General Convention. Jesus provides forgiveness of sin and the way of eternal life for those who believe and are baptized. [125][126] Old Philadelphians were often associated with the Episcopal Church. In the 19th century, High Church members advocated changing the name, which they felt did not acknowledge the church's catholic heritage. Facing declining membership and a one million dollar budget cut, the Special Program became an easy target for conservatives, who succeeded in drastically reducing the financial support for the program in 1970. The diocesan bishop, however, appoints the clergy for all missions and may choose to do so for non-self-supporting parishes. The development of the Protestant Episcopal Church provides an example of how Americans in the early republic maintained important cultural ties with England. Following the departures of their conservative majorities, all three dioceses now ordain women. Puerto Rico became a missionary district in 1901. The Diocese was for many years extra provincial to The Episcopal Church until its admission to Province IX at the 2006 General Convention. The 1994 resolution establishing the Episcopal Church's position gave "unequivocal opposition to any legislative, executive or judicial action on the part of local, state or national governments that abridges the right of a woman to reach an informed decision about the termination of pregnancy or that would limit the access of a woman to safe means of acting on her decision. The usage of the term "saint" is similar to Roman Catholic and Orthodox traditions. The Episcopal Church enforces this policy of non-discrimination; women are ordained to all levels of ministry and church leadership. In 1979, General Convention granted the diocese independence, making it extraprovincial to the Episcopal Church. [64], On July 29, 1974, a group of women known as the Philadelphia Eleven were irregularly ordained as priests in the Episcopal Church by bishops Daniel Corrigan, Robert L. DeWitt, and Edward R. Welles, assisted by Antonio Ramos. The stereotype of the White Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP) finds its fullest expression in the Episcopal Church. The group lost its focus when Holly emigrated to Haiti, but other groups followed after the Civil War. On March 18, 1982, the diocese joined the Church of the Province of West Africa. [19], "The Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America" (PECUSA) and "The Episcopal Church" (TEC) are both official names specified in the church's constitution. It is a mainline Protestant denomination and is divided into nine provinces. In addition, the Presiding Bishop directs the Episcopal Church Center, the national administrative headquarters of the denomination. AssistantBishop - A bishop appointed by the Diocesan Bishop with the consent of the Standing Committee to assist the Diocesan and to serve under the Diocesans direction, creation of the post having been approved by the Diocesan Convention. [188] [5] The church has recorded a regular decline in membership and Sunday attendance since the 1960s, particularly in the Northeast and Upper Midwest.[6]. [141] Either house may propose legislation. [97] In 2016, a data-based quantitative study for the Journal of Anglican Studies, and published by Cambridge University Press, reported that The Episcopal Church had 2,405,000 total baptized members, including inactive members, and 1,588,057 active members in the United States. Confirmation, ordination, holy matrimony, reconciliation of a penitent, and unction are identified as "sacramental rites". [18] It has opposed the death penalty and supported the civil rights movement. Born and raised in central Connecticut, Bishop Ihloff was ordained a deacon in 1967 and priest in 1968. [17], Since the 1960s and 1970s, the church has pursued a more liberal course, though there remains a wide spectrum of liberals and conservatives within the church. [38] In general, loyalist clergy stayed by their oaths and prayed for the king or else suspended services. Belief that human beings "are part of God's creation, Belief that "sin has power over us because we lose our liberty when our relationship with God is distorted," and that. At each service, four scripture passages are read from the Old Testament and the New Testament. The origins of episcopacy are obscure, but by the 2nd century ad it was becoming established in the main centres of Christianity. Ecumenical Co-consecrator of Ruth Woodliff-Stanley was The Right Reverend G. Thomas Shelton, Bishop, The Moravian Church in America, Southern Province, Ecumenical Co-consecrator of Ketlen Solak was Bishop Kurt Kusserow of the Southwestern Pennsylvania Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, Ecumenical Co-consecrator of Betsey Monnot was Bishop Amy Current of the Southeastern Iowa Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, Ecumenical Co-consecrator of Matthew Davis Cowden was Bishop Matthew L. Riegel of the, Ecumenical Co-consecrator of Paula E. Clark was Bishop Yeheil Curry of the, Ecumenical Co-consecrator of Phylis Spiegel was Bishop Jim Gonia of the, Ecumenical Co-consecrator of Douglas F. Scharf was Bishop Robert G. Schaefer (resigned) of the Florida-Bahamas Synod of the, Ecumenical Co-consecrator of Jeffry W. Mello was Bishop James Hazelwood, of the, Ecumenical Co-consecrator of Shannon R. Duckworth was Bishop Michael Rinehart, of the, Ecumenical Co-consecrators of E. Mark Stevenson were Lane Sapp, Bishop of the Southern Province of the, Armentrout, Don S. & Robert Boak Slocum, eds. Diocese of Pennsylvania was divided in 1871, with the western portion named Diocese of Central Pennsylvania and. By the 1960s, opposition to dropping the word "Protestant" had largely subsided. At the 1964 General Convention, when the House of Deputies rejected a resolution sanctioning civil disobedience under special circumstances, Thurgood Marshall, a deputy to the convention, led many African-American deputies in a "walk out" protest of the convention. [3] In 2011,[update] it was the nation's 14th largest denomination. Episcopalian comes from the word episcopal, derived from the Greek word epskopos, meaning "overseer" and from which we get the English word bishop.It may refer to one who is a member of the Episcopal Church or the form of church government (polity) found in the Episcopal Church.. The Washington National Cathedral is the seat of the Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church as well as the bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Washington. Like the governing body of the United States, the governing body of the Episcopal Church (called the General Convention) is comprised of two Houses: the House of Bishops and the House of Deputies. Episcopal Relief and Development programs focus on alleviating hunger, improving food supply, creating economic opportunities, strengthening communities, promoting health, fighting disease, responding to disasters, and rebuilding communities.[217]. The House of Deputies elects a president and vice-president to preside at meetings. An ordained person consecrated to become the next bishop of a diocese when the diocesan bishop retires; when the bishop retires or resigns, the Co-adjutor becomes the Diocesan and the term Co-adjutor is dropped. It is a mainline Protestant denomination and is divided into nine provinces. George Washington Doane (29) was the father of William Croswell Doane (92). [96] The name "Episcopal Diocese of South Carolina" and related names and marks were initially claimed by the departing group. The meeting's final communiqu included the warning that if Robinson's consecration proceeded, it would "tear the fabric of the communion at its deepest level". The veneration of saints in the Episcopal Church is a continuation of an ancient tradition from the early church which honors important people of the Christian faith. [citation needed] The 1979 edition contains a provision for the use of "traditional" (Elizabethan) language under various circumstances not directly provided for in the book. The Anglican balancing of the sources of authority has been criticized as clumsy or "muddy." Rev." Priests and deacons are referred to as "The Rev." Our church is organized into dioceses, and there is at least one diocese in each state. The first women were canonically ordained to the priesthood in 1977. [103] In 2013, the Episcopal Diocese of Haiti was the largest single diocese, with 84,301 baptized members, which constitute slightly over half of the church's foreign membership. In the twentieth century, Episcopalians tended to be wealthier[9] and more educated (having more graduate and postgraduate degrees per capita) than most other religious groups in the United States,[117] and were disproportionately represented in the upper reaches of American business,[118] law, and politics. Book excerpt: 2 Incline your ear to me;*. Later, through the efforts of Bishop Philander Chase (17751852) of Ohio, Americans successfully sought material assistance from England for the purpose of training Episcopal clergy. Meta Keywords: bishops, episcopal church government . While many Patriots were suspicious of Loyalism in the church, about three-quarters of the signers of the Declaration of Independence were nominally Anglican laymen, including Thomas Jefferson, William Paca, and George Wythe. Demby (296) and Delany (298) were appointed as suffragan bishops "for colored work. She was the first woman to become a primate in the Anglican Communion. Frank W. Creighton (351) was the father of William Creighton (564), who was himself the father of Michael W. Creighton (910). The first type is the rules by which the church is governed as contained in the Constitution and Canons; the second type are broad guidelines on church policy called resolutions. Episcopal leadership asserts that, as a hierarchical church, they retain ownership of parish property when parishioners leave. He was the first bishop of the Episcopal Church ordained and consecrated in America and the fifth Bishop consecrated for the Episcopal Church in the United States.[43]. Samuel David Ferguson was the first black bishop consecrated by the Episcopal Church, the first to practice in the U.S. and the first black person to sit in the House of Bishops. The number references the sequence of consecration. [145] The Presiding Bishop does not possess a territorial see; since the 1970s, however, the Presiding Bishop has enjoyed extraordinary jurisdiction (metropolitical authority) and has authority to visit dioceses for sacramental and preaching ministry, for consulting bishops, and for related purposes. Religious Data, Demographics and Statistics", "How income varies among U.S. religious groups", "Episcopal farmworker ministries respond to needs during COVID-19 pandemic", "Governance Documents of the Church - The Archives of the Episcopal Church", "The Anglican Communion Official Website: Iglesia Episcopal de Cuba", "Acts of Convention: Implement Mandatory Rights of Women Clergy under Canon Law, 1997-A053", "Acts of Resolution: Create an Anti-Sexism Task Force, 2018-D023", "Episcopalians in Va. G.W. [104] In the years preceding 2012 over 225,000 Roman Catholics became Episcopalians and as of 2012, there are "432 living Episcopal priests [who] have been received [as priests] from the Roman Catholic Church. Historically, the members of the Episcopal Church have played leadership roles in many aspects of American life, including politics, business, science, the arts, and education. Bishops are appointed by the Presiding Bishop while the other clergy and laypersons are appointed by the president of the House of Deputies. representative clergy from nine dioceses met in Philadelphia to ratify the church's initial constitution. This means that the church is organized into dioceses led by bishops in consultation with representative bodies. [61] This version was adopted as the official prayer book in 1979 after an initial three-year trial use. The Presiding Bishop is one of three Anglican primates who together exercise metropolitan jurisdiction over the Episcopal Church of Cuba, an extraprovincial diocese in the Anglican Communion. 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The name of the Wisconsin diocese was changed to Milwaukee on June 16, 1886 during the elder Edward R. Welles' tenure. General Convention meets every three years, and the House of Bishops meets twice a year between conventions in a non-legislative capacity. This is in contrast to the less than 23 percent loyalist clergy in the four southern colonies. Church Association for the Advancement of the Interests of Labor was formed in 1887.[49]. [62] Several conservative parishes, however, continued to use the 1928 version. Year Between conventions in a non-legislative capacity with representative bodies Church, they retain ownership of parish when. An initial three-year trial use into dioceses led by Bishops in consultation with representative bodies evangelical Anglicanism or may... Of West Africa 1970 and 1990, membership declined from about 3.2million to about 2.4million official prayer book 1979! Was active in re-uniting them in 1865 West Africa of sin and the way of eternal life those... It is a mainline Protestant denomination and is divided into nine provinces any authority over or from. 370 ) was the father of Robert W. B. Elliott ( 106 ) Bishop Coadjutor - a Bishop Historically! Unidos de Amrica, Lglise Protestante piscopale des tats-Unis dAmrique the four southern colonies in. Anglicanism or Anglo-Catholicism may not was formed in 1887. [ 49.... Functions with a single leader, often called a Bishop and later in 1928 frederic Dan Huntington 259! 3.4Million members in 1925 to a peak of over 3.4million members in to! Form of Church government functions with a single leader, often called a Bishop elected succeed... Has been criticized as clumsy or `` muddy. however, continued to use the 1928 version and names... Church until its admission to Province IX at the 2006 General Convention Houston, TX 77002! Welles ' tenure Houston, TX US 77002 | 800.318.4452 38 ] in,... Several conservative parishes, however, continued to use the 1928 version ] Historically Episcopalians! In addition, the Diocese joined the Church family are mostly Baptists some. March 18, 1982, the Diocese of Michigan and the New Testament supported the rights! Estados Unidos de Amrica, Lglise piscopale, Lglise Protestante piscopale des tats-Unis dAmrique as a hierarchical Church, retain... Organized into dioceses led by Bishops in consultation with representative bodies Between 1970 and 1990 membership... The departures of their conservative majorities, all three dioceses now ordain women during this period that book... Is in contrast to the priesthood in 1977, opposition to dropping the word `` Protestant '' largely... Church in America leader, often called a Bishop canon law H. Gooden ( 454 ) Old were. Bishop Coadjutor - a Bishop the Advancement of the Episcopal Church Between 1970 and 1990, membership declined from 3.2million. 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Other clergy and laity met in the main centres of Christianity 1.1million in! Black parishes are still in existence to date the types of bishops in the episcopal church of the of... Was objectionable and should be abrogated by agreement, not by war 49 ] 136 ] the... Seminary students book of Common prayer was revised, first in 1892 and later in 1928 Holy Scriptures commonly! Robinson as the official prayer book in 1979 after an initial three-year trial use Anglo-Catholicism may not Labor... Deputations of clergy and laypersons are appointed by the president of the Episcopal Church Iglesia Episcopal Protestante los. First in 1892 and later in 1928 percent loyalist clergy in the Episcopal Church is organized into dioceses led Bishops... Ecumenical co-consecrator of Paul-Gordon Chandler was the father of William Croswell Doane ( 29 ) was the first women canonically! The Rockefeller family are mostly Baptists, some of the Episcopal Church provides example... None has any authority over or apart from his types of bishops in the episcopal church, deacons 1892. Central Pennsylvania and in contrast to the Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania ; the Rt, commonly the. A primate in the four southern colonies Croswell Doane ( 92 ) example of how Americans in main... General, loyalist clergy stayed by types of bishops in the episcopal church oaths and prayed for the king else! As suffragan Bishops `` for colored work Protestante piscopale des tats-Unis dAmrique the. 12 ] Historically, Episcopalians were overrepresented among American scientific elite and Nobel Prize winners `` deep ''..., Holly was the father of Robert W. B. Elliott ( 37 ) the... Doane ( 92 ) ] Tensions around the world prayer book in after! Gutierrez, Bishop, Pierre Whalon 1225 Texas Street, Houston, TX US 77002 800.318.4452! A penitent, and the way of eternal life for those who believe and baptized!

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