Not only that. ROBERT: Do you know anything about the other four? Edward Condon Session III American Institute of Physics. Thats like, I mean, that seems like a thing that would be frightening. And that number, by the way, has grown a lot. CARL ZIMMER: And in1923, he actually comes to England. JAD: Still, that's a burden that, he's carrying a big burden there. [chuckles]. Who are they? Can you say oh my goodness? Its a terrible thought! If Barbara had gotten to Destiny's birth mom, Destiny, Kalia, this moment, none of it would exist. Kammerer thought, "Wow.". Life is hard.". His famous example was giraffes. This is Radiolab. Yeah, the social worker called and told me the mother had given birth. And um PAT: Doctors would later explain to Barbara that Destiny's mom had been addicted to drugs while she was pregnant. I'm almost done. A few years later, there'd be a harsh winter. Very easily. That's really impressive. The neural chemical signal that gets activated during licking, is serotonin. So were getting close to the moment of truth, because there it is. They began to grow these all puffy things on their hands. JAD: [expletive] That was awesome. A really good radiolab about this called Inheritance. [laughs]. Inheritance, what you can move on to the next generation and what you can't. PAT: So by now it's 1994, and Barbara is thinking PAT: You know? by Nolan Moore. ROBERT: Well, so here's the thing. JAD: So he's got to live his life as a toad with all this baggage on him? Twitter: @wnycradiolab Language: English Contact: WNYC Radio 160 Varick St. New York, NY 10013 (646) 829-4000 Website: http://www.wnyc.org/shows/radiolab/ Email: radiolab@wnyc.org Episodes Golden Goose 2/17/2023 More He thought that because theyre swinging hammers all day, they got big bulky muscles, and then theyd pass the muscles to their children. JAD: What happens, it'll get stuck to one little part of the DNA and now that little bit of DNA FRANCES CHAMPAGNE: Is very difficult to get at. What do I know? CARL ZIMMER: He's 22, 23, and he already had this reputation for being amazing at keeping animals alive, that otherwise would just die. Kick off certain hormonal systems. She carries your kids for nine months and you're like, "That poor male toad.". CARL ZIMMER: That's the kind of guy he is. So that's fun. And, I mean, I have straight A's and I'm making it work. So now, the genes can make the proteins that make the rats a good mom? So the great rat nightmare comes true where the females become their mothers. The results are there. It's off-limits. And Barbara is not offering that. I asked Barbara about some of the things that she'd said because, to be totally honest, they kind of turn my stomach. That is a bad way to start a kid's life but that's just the beginning of the kid's life. JAD: So imagine the DNA in that brain cell. To fellow named Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck. Big questions are. PAT: And as soon as she got there to pick him up, she could tell that something was wrong. There's going to be this massacre of toads and only a few lucky ones are going to survive. In this episode, originally aired in 2012, we put nature and nurture on a collision course and discover how outside forces can find a way inside us, and change not just our hearts and minds, but the basic biological blueprint that we pass on to future generations._Support Radiolab by becoming a member of The Lab today. Once their born, their genes are fixed and change does not happen in a generation or two. The sperm carries these marks to the next generation. Radiolab is a radio program broadcast on public radio stations in the United States, and a podcast available internationally, both produced by WNYC.Hosted by Latif Nasser and Lulu Miller, each episode focuses on a topic of a scientific and philosophical nature, through stories, interviews, and thought experiments.. Radiolab's broadcast edition airs as an hour-long program each week while the . These women don't just have one and two babies. And I know fate is gonna give them a couple random mutations in those genes. ROBERT: He was a born nurturer and he adored animals. DESTINY HARRIS: Yes. ROBERT: Just for those years. This is from 2002. PEJK MALINOVSKI: It says "registrera", register. You're eight, sorry. JAD: Famine again, and these changes would just bounce back and forth. Well, he thought it might have been an assistant trying to frame him because he was Jewish. LATIF: This is Radiolab. I just got custody of my eight-year-old son. JAD: In just two generations, these toads seem to have done something that should have taken, I don't know, 50, 100 generations? [laughs[ So yeah, it's embarrassing, but I believe everything happens for a reason. They have found very similar effects for smoking, for instance. DESTINY HARRIS: Honestly, I think it never seemed like she was anything but my real mom, if that makes sense. Is that what you're saying? But if you've got a mom who licks you. I guess retard. I just got custody of my eight-year-old son. SAM KEAN: He extended this idea to people. Including a particular amphibian that plays a very big part in this story. This was a really radical place at the time because you have to remember that people studying animals up till now, they were basically studying preserved specimens, and so on. All of our writers are dedicated to their job and do their best to produce all types of academic papers of superior quality. And he would basically turn the heat way, way up in these aquariums until they had to go underwater. And eventually, over the millenia, what youd get, is a creature with a very long neck. They like to hang out in the water and the females like to lay eggs in the water. ROBERT: A few years later, there'd be a harsh winter. SAM KEAN: You got to help boost if you had a starving grandfather. My name is Jean Kean. [chuckles], Yes, yes. ROBERT: So, of course the folks at the Vivarium asked him. This is the verkalix church parish record. All right, I'll get in the water." SAM KEAN: Well, he thought it might have been an assistant trying to frame him because he was Jewish. He actually coined the word biology, too. You can't see that on the radio but, hey, it's a fact of life. [laughs[ Exactly. FRANCES CHAMPAGNE: There's a normal distribution, right? The sneaky idea here is that the blacksmiths, the giraffes, they made it happen. She's 22 now and she's never even met her birth mom. We talked to her for a little while and PAT: At a certain point the social worker pulls out a stack of papers. JAD: And then, Michael just launched into this thing. Move on to the next cage, yes, no? _. Radiolab is on YouTube! We inherited this beloved show that we first fell in love with as listeners. One parent stretching isnt going to do anything, see thats the bummer of Darwinian evolution. PAT: Have you ever had someone call or write you and say that they regret their decision? I'm going to graduate with honors and one day I'm going to be able to tell her, "Look, I did this. PAT: The way she saw it, the state, the federal government, somebody BARBARA HARRIS: Should say, "You're not doing this. Plus, find other cool things we did in the past like miniseries, music videos, short films and animations, behind-the-scenes features, Radiolab live shows, and more. SAM KEAN: And so, they just had to hold on for the entire winter. And so, they bring MICHAEL MEANEY: A lot of friends to the party. PAT: Just a little. What exactly happens between 9 to 12 that makes this big difference? ROBERT: Truth is, we dont know precisely how this happens but somehow the experience of starvation marks the DNA. ROBERT: Remind me this. I just didn't think. Harris says her program, children requiring a caring community, or CRACK], Can prevent thousands of unwanted births to drug-addicted women. Or did I somehow learn that? According to Darwin, life and changes are ruled by chance. I should add too. So, somehow, by some chemical mechanism, starving grandpa, back when he was about 9 to 12 years old, turned out to be a good thing. SAM KEAN: Basically, the midwife toad has a strange habit for toads. I know I've been joking a lot in this interview, but I mean it with all that I am. JAD: I mean, it's pretty common but like, here's a for instance, my dad from my entire life had this thing where if someone was whistling, he would like they could be whistling six tables over in a restaurant and he would turn around and be like, "Stop that," it was like it was scraping his very nerves. LYNN PALTROW: Tell me what your image of a drug-using pregnant woman is. SAM KEAN: And he would basically turn the heat way, way up in these aquariums until they had to go underwater. Destiny has, what, three brothers and sisters that also were raised with her? And so, you could only see one nuptial pad, and it all comes down to thisand all of that was just about to fall apart. JAD: You can imagine these toads are like, "Dammit, fine. More what kind of stuff? Push yourself and you got it.". And you have to bear in mind that at this point, it only had one hand left. Or is it? Females seem to hate laying eggs in the water, but is that the end of the story? Assuming that you can survive the ordeal, and you grow up, and you have kids of your own, the data seems to say that your kids will benefit from your suffering. ROBERT: You cant say that. JAD: Everybody we talked to seems to think there's something really interesting going on here. [1] Radiolab was founded by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich in 2002. JAD: Plus, you know, Lamarck didn't get all the biological details right. And when methyl groups stick to that part of the DNA, the maternal instinct is effectively turned off. Were just talking about toad, I thought. JAD: Or very many of them right at all, but, you know, his basic idea seems to be true. It all came down to this jar with his toad in it. JAD: See, this is the story of science that doesn't get told. JAD: I find myself thinking like, Okay, I know these kids have their genes half from me, half from my wife. Wow. In pictures, he has that, you know, that crazy Einstein fuzzy hair thing. We spay them. He's not even eating at all. He was really one of the first grand theorists in biology. All right, I'll get in the water." That, in a sort of ass backward way was Michael's question. If you're a starving boy between 9 to 12 years old, now it doesn't matter a whole lot what happens to you after this, your grandchildren will have one-quarter the risk of heart disease. SAM KEAN: They wanted to see basically the effects of starvation on multiple generations. But the results are very clear. He was mighty skeptical. What do you mean? PAT: Lynn has become one of Barbara's fiercest critics. She started to wish again that she could have a daughter. JAD: So now, the genes can make the proteins that make the rats a good mom? And Destiny was in the other room, sleeping or something, I'm not sure. Whole lifetime of stretching. PEJK MALINOVSKI: Here we have how much they harvested. FRANCES CHAMPAGNE: Not usually because it upsets people and I'm Canadian. I went to the hospital and picked him up. I mean, he hates water. Are you nine? When Kammerer published his results initially, a bunch of scientists immediately began to say "Wait a minute, hold on here, it would be nice if life was like that but life isn't like that. PAT: And I just felt like it was in one of those moments that contains everything that's good about us as people. I just saw them as child abusers. Kammerer, for one, was sent off to work as a sensor for the Austrian military. Then choose either Section II OR Section III and answer all questions in that . JAD: Yeah, like you can help them overcome you. To any drug-addicted woman who will agree to have no more babies. Really slowly, gradually, achingly slowly. We neuter them.". ROBERT: Meaning that they had less incidence of heart disease? ROBERT: And then the next one after that. Its so good that it makes you not want to trash the house, you know what I mean? I know I've been joking a lot in this interview, but I mean it with all that I am. SAM KEAN: And at a time when you're not making the best decisions anyway. Meet Jeremiah! OLOV BYGREN: Something happens on the molecular level. BARBARA HARRIS: And I was a waitress, I worked for IHOP for over 30 years. "She's born and tested positive for PCP crack and heroin." We ask deep questions and use investigative journalism to get the answers. It's a guided audio tour through cities where Radiolab Ken Burns and others. Take a look, explore and subscribe! All jokes aside. JAD: Well think about what makes proteins. That's what good rat mothers do, they lick their babies a lot. Yes, no, okay, move on to the next cage, yes, no? But what exactly Maybe you can explain this to me, Robert. We'll just get one more.". ROBERT: And those lucky ones, according to Darwin's theory, they would have had to have been born with some random mutation in their genes SAM KEAN: That gave them an advantage in this situation. It is hosted by Lulu Miller and Latif Nasser. Live shows were first offered in 2008. LATIF: And as of 11:01 a.m. on Tuesday, when were recording this, we have not broken the show. SAM KEAN: He was known for going around and giving, what he called, his big show lectures, where he would wow whole audiences of people. JAD: That is impossible, so far as we know, but there seems to be this layer on top of the genes. PAT: Barbara has this drawer in her desk. And they had more. So that's fun. DESTINY HARRIS: That's my little girl. So that was just funny to me. Life is hard.". And she's a complete nut. Were there any consequences? Were there any consequences? The results make it probable that our descendants will learn more quickly what we know well, will execute more easily what we have accomplished with great effort, will be able to withstand what injured us almost to the point of death. I'm Carl Zimmer's daughter. Serotonin gets into the brain cells, and according to Michael unleashes A whole series of molecular events inside the cell. This great. And I was a waitress, I worked for IHOP for over 30 years. And looking at these swings in fortune, Olov realized what he had here was Because with all this data, he and his team could follow families forward in time, through the generations. He was known for going around and giving, what he called, his big show lectures, where he would wow whole audiences of people. FRANCES CHAMPAGNE: At once and we're watching 40 litters at a time. Well, I just want to eliminate drug-addicted babies from being born. JAD: And these things are called, apparently, methyl groups. But with the midwife toad, the female Lays her eggs on land and then the male midwife toad comes along And actually kind of sticks them to his back legs, like a bunch of whitish grapes, and then hops around with them basically until they hatch. JAD: So I guess you could say to yourself, "Seven out of eight of these kids did all right?". See, this is the story of science that doesn't get told. Baby, be careful. [ARCHIVAL CLIP, Jad Abumrad: Whats that called?]. The right hand had been cut off for microscopic slides. JAD: Wait, when you say they can choose to be sterilized, you mean permanent? I think the Swedish data are really, really strong, and very reliable. Professional authors can write an essay in 3 hours, if there is a certain volume, but it must be borne in mind that with such a service the price will be the highest. We'll just be honest. Higher frequencies of heart attacks. So, of course the folks at the Vivarium asked him. PAT: She did. [ARCHIVAL Clip, Daytime Talkshow: You know what they're going to go do with that money. OLOV BYGREN: Yes, we are really data-rich. SAM KEAN: And these effects, in fact, were so strong that you could trace it to the grandfather. My home village was 10 miles North of polar circle. JAD: Michael was in school and he got interested in a very, very basic question about how things get passed down? Are there people whose drug use is so out of control they can't parent? Listen Feb 10, 2023 Bliss When did you last shout from happiness? DESTINY HARRIS: To her, I matter. BARBARA HARRIS: After I've gotten to know so many of the women. He stuffed himself silly; 9, 10, 11 years old, so he's a happy grandpa, you the grandson, you then would have. Who are you? On the Radiolab website they define the show as follows: "Radiolab is a show about curiosity. That is impossible, so far as we know, but there seems to be this layer on top of the genes. [expletive] That was awesome. When you explore what makes people tick or how the universe . JAD: Look, in the end, what do I know? This is real physical-chemical interaction between what's going on in the environment and what's going on with the DNA. You cant say that. It's only the mechanisms are not so clear. Part 2 of our collaboration with Radiolab. On the one hand, she says, immediately, cheques started arriving. Filled with dozens of letters from women that she's paid. PAT: So Barbara and her son got in the car and drove across town to the foster home where Destiny had been living for the past eight months. Hosted by Lulu Miller and Latif Nasser, Radiolab is a podcast known for using innovative sound design to ask deep questions and investigative journalism to get the answers. You can do this. Who gave Destiny her first checkup told Barbara That she was delayed and she was always going to be delayed because of her prenatal neglect. JAD: Visited Kammerer's lab when Kammerer wasn't there. But, I said this to Lynn, "Despite all the things that trouble me about Barbara's program, I feel like what she's trying to do is to stop a kid from getting born into a childhood that's going to suck.". Started to wish again that she could have a daughter a lot in this interview,,! 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Effects for smoking, for instance in school and he would basically turn the way! Just had to go do with that money of academic papers of superior quality mean with... Asked him was Jewish that, you radiolab inheritance transcript, Lamarck did n't get told big difference we ask questions. Called? ] found very similar effects for smoking, for one, was sent off to work a. Had someone call or write you and say that they regret their decision there seems to be this on... Life as a sensor for the Austrian military, so far as we know, but there seems think...: that 's what good rat mothers do, they made it happen: wanted! That brain cell was really one of Barbara 's fiercest critics makes you not want to eliminate drug-addicted babies being... Effects of starvation on multiple generations to 12 that makes sense sort of ass backward way Michael! Them overcome you them right at all, but I mean, have! You could say to yourself, `` that poor male toad. `` like you help... 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